Design of a Compact Planar Transmission Line for Miniaturized Rat-Race Coupler with Harmonics Suppression

Ali Lalbakhsh; Golshan Mohamadpour; Saeed Roshani; Mohammad Ami; Sobhan Roshani; Abu Sadat Md Sayem; Mohammad Alibakhshikenari; Slawomir Koziel

doi:10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3112237

Design of a Compact Planar Transmission Line for Miniaturized Rat-Race Coupler with Harmonics Suppression

Ali Lalbakhsh
, Golshan Mohamadpour
, Saeed Roshani
, Mohammad Ami
, Sobhan Roshani
, Abu Sadat Md Sayem
, Mohammad Alibakhshikenari
, Slawomir Koziel

Department of Engineering

Reykjavik University

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

This paper presents an elegant yet straightforward design procedure for a compact rat-race coupler (RRC) with an extended harmonic suppression. The coupler's conventional \lambda /4 transmission lines (TLs) are replaced by a specialized TL that offers significant size reduction and harmonic elimination capabilities in the proposed approach. The design procedure is verified through the theoretical, circuit, and electromagnetic (EM) analyses, showing excellent agreement among different analyses and the measured results. The circuit and EM results show that the proposed TL replicates the same frequency behaviour of the conventional one at the design frequency of 1.8 GHz while enables harmonic suppression up to the 7 {\mathrm {th}} harmonic and a size reduction of 74%. According to the measured results, the RRC has a fractional bandwidth of 20%, with input insertion losses of around 0.2 dB and isolation level better than 35 dB. Furthermore, the total footprint of the proposed RRC is only 31.7 mm \times15.9 mm, corresponding to 0.28\,\,\lambda \times 0.14\,\,\lambda , where \lambda is the guided wavelength at 1.8 GHz.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	129207-129217
Number of pages	11
Journal	IEEE Access
Volume	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3112237
Publication status	Published - 2021

Bibliographical note

Funding Information: degree (Hons.) in electrical and electronic engi-neering from Rajshahi University of Engineer-ing and Technology, Bangladesh, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree in electrical and electronic engi-neering from Rajshahi University of Engineer-ing and Technology, in 2015, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering (with the Vice-Chancellor’s Commendation for Academic Excel-lence) from Macquarie University, Australia, in 2021. He worked as an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, from 2015 to 2017, and a Lecturer with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, from 2012 to 2015. His current research interests include wearable antennas, flexible antennas, transparent antennas, and antennas for biomedical applications. He regularly reviews papers for leading journals in his research field. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards and scholarships, including the Vice-Chancellor’s Commendation on Ph.D. thesis, the Commonwealth Government funded International Research Training Program Scholarship to support the Ph.D. in Australia, the Prime Minister Gold Medal from Bangladesh, and the University Gold Medal from Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology. Funding Information: ber, IEEE) was born in Mazandaran, Iran, in February 1988. He received the Ph.D. degree (Hons.) in electronic engineering from the Uni-versity of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata,’’ in February 2020. He was a Ph.D. Visiting Researcher with the Chalmers University of Technology, in 2018. His training during the Ph.D. included a research stage in the Swedish company Gap Waves AB. He is currently with the Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, as a Principal Investigator of the CONEX-Plus Talent Training Program and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions. His research interests include antennas and wave-propagations, metamaterials and metasurfaces, synthetic aperture radars (SAR), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs), impedance matching circuits, microwave components, millimeter-waves and terahertz integrated circuits, and electromagnetic systems. The above research lines have produced more than 120 publications on international journals, presentations within international conferences, and book chapters with a total number of the citations more than 1900 and H-index of 33. He was recipient of (i) three years research grant funded by the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538 started in July 2021, (ii) two years research grant funded by the University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’ started in November 2019, and (iii) three years Ph.D. Scholarship funded by the University of started in November 2016. He was a recipient of two Young Engineer Awards of the 47th and 48th European Microwave Conference held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 2017, and in Madrid, Spain, in 2018, respectively. He is serving as an Associate Editor for IET Journal of Engineering and International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. He also acts as a referee in several highly reputed journals and international conferences. His research article entitled ‘‘High-Gain Metasurface in Polyimide On-Chip Antenna Based on CRLH-TL for Sub Terahertz Integrated Circuits’’ published in Scientific Reports was awarded as the Best Month Paper at the University of Bradford, in April 2020. Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) Grant 206606051, and in part by the National Science Centre of Poland Grant 2017/37/B/ST7/00563. Publisher Copyright: © 2013 IEEE.

Other keywords

Transmission line
harmonics suppression
rat-race coupler
size reduction

Access to Document

10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3112237

Cite this

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title = "Design of a Compact Planar Transmission Line for Miniaturized Rat-Race Coupler with Harmonics Suppression",

abstract = "This paper presents an elegant yet straightforward design procedure for a compact rat-race coupler (RRC) with an extended harmonic suppression. The coupler's conventional \textbackslash{}lambda /4 transmission lines (TLs) are replaced by a specialized TL that offers significant size reduction and harmonic elimination capabilities in the proposed approach. The design procedure is verified through the theoretical, circuit, and electromagnetic (EM) analyses, showing excellent agreement among different analyses and the measured results. The circuit and EM results show that the proposed TL replicates the same frequency behaviour of the conventional one at the design frequency of 1.8 GHz while enables harmonic suppression up to the 7 \{\textbackslash{}mathrm \{th\}\} harmonic and a size reduction of 74\%. According to the measured results, the RRC has a fractional bandwidth of 20\%, with input insertion losses of around 0.2 dB and isolation level better than 35 dB. Furthermore, the total footprint of the proposed RRC is only 31.7 mm \textbackslash{}times15.9 mm, corresponding to 0.28\textbackslash{},\textbackslash{},\textbackslash{}lambda \textbackslash{}times 0.14\textbackslash{},\textbackslash{},\textbackslash{}lambda , where \textbackslash{}lambda is the guided wavelength at 1.8 GHz.",

keywords = "Transmission line, harmonics suppression, rat-race coupler, size reduction",

author = "Ali Lalbakhsh and Golshan Mohamadpour and Saeed Roshani and Mohammad Ami and Sobhan Roshani and Sayem, \{Abu Sadat Md\} and Mohammad Alibakhshikenari and Slawomir Koziel",

note = "Funding Information: degree (Hons.) in electrical and electronic engi-neering from Rajshahi University of Engineer-ing and Technology, Bangladesh, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree in electrical and electronic engi-neering from Rajshahi University of Engineer-ing and Technology, in 2015, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering (with the Vice-Chancellor{\textquoteright}s Commendation for Academic Excel-lence) from Macquarie University, Australia, in 2021. He worked as an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, from 2015 to 2017, and a Lecturer with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, from 2012 to 2015. His current research interests include wearable antennas, flexible antennas, transparent antennas, and antennas for biomedical applications. He regularly reviews papers for leading journals in his research field. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards and scholarships, including the Vice-Chancellor{\textquoteright}s Commendation on Ph.D. thesis, the Commonwealth Government funded International Research Training Program Scholarship to support the Ph.D. in Australia, the Prime Minister Gold Medal from Bangladesh, and the University Gold Medal from Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology. Funding Information: ber, IEEE) was born in Mazandaran, Iran, in February 1988. He received the Ph.D. degree (Hons.) in electronic engineering from the Uni-versity of Rome {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Tor Vergata,{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} in February 2020. He was a Ph.D. Visiting Researcher with the Chalmers University of Technology, in 2018. His training during the Ph.D. included a research stage in the Swedish company Gap Waves AB. He is currently with the Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, as a Principal Investigator of the CONEX-Plus Talent Training Program and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions. His research interests include antennas and wave-propagations, metamaterials and metasurfaces, synthetic aperture radars (SAR), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs), impedance matching circuits, microwave components, millimeter-waves and terahertz integrated circuits, and electromagnetic systems. The above research lines have produced more than 120 publications on international journals, presentations within international conferences, and book chapters with a total number of the citations more than 1900 and H-index of 33. He was recipient of (i) three years research grant funded by the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538 started in July 2021, (ii) two years research grant funded by the University of Rome {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}Tor Vergata{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} started in November 2019, and (iii) three years Ph.D. Scholarship funded by the University of started in November 2016. He was a recipient of two Young Engineer Awards of the 47th and 48th European Microwave Conference held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 2017, and in Madrid, Spain, in 2018, respectively. He is serving as an Associate Editor for IET Journal of Engineering and International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. He also acts as a referee in several highly reputed journals and international conferences. His research article entitled {\textquoteleft}{\textquoteleft}High-Gain Metasurface in Polyimide On-Chip Antenna Based on CRLH-TL for Sub Terahertz Integrated Circuits{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} published in Scientific Reports was awarded as the Best Month Paper at the University of Bradford, in April 2020. Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) Grant 206606051, and in part by the National Science Centre of Poland Grant 2017/37/B/ST7/00563. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2013 IEEE.",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3112237",

language = "English",

volume = "9",

pages = "129207--129217",

journal = "IEEE Access",

issn = "2169-3536",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Design of a Compact Planar Transmission Line for Miniaturized Rat-Race Coupler with Harmonics Suppression

AU - Lalbakhsh, Ali

AU - Mohamadpour, Golshan

AU - Roshani, Saeed

AU - Ami, Mohammad

AU - Roshani, Sobhan

AU - Sayem, Abu Sadat Md

AU - Alibakhshikenari, Mohammad

AU - Koziel, Slawomir

N1 - Funding Information: degree (Hons.) in electrical and electronic engi-neering from Rajshahi University of Engineer-ing and Technology, Bangladesh, in 2011, the M.Sc. degree in electrical and electronic engi-neering from Rajshahi University of Engineer-ing and Technology, in 2015, and the Ph.D. degree in electronic engineering (with the Vice-Chancellor’s Commendation for Academic Excel-lence) from Macquarie University, Australia, in 2021. He worked as an Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology, from 2015 to 2017, and a Lecturer with the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, from 2012 to 2015. His current research interests include wearable antennas, flexible antennas, transparent antennas, and antennas for biomedical applications. He regularly reviews papers for leading journals in his research field. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards and scholarships, including the Vice-Chancellor’s Commendation on Ph.D. thesis, the Commonwealth Government funded International Research Training Program Scholarship to support the Ph.D. in Australia, the Prime Minister Gold Medal from Bangladesh, and the University Gold Medal from Rajshahi University of Engineering and Technology. Funding Information: ber, IEEE) was born in Mazandaran, Iran, in February 1988. He received the Ph.D. degree (Hons.) in electronic engineering from the Uni-versity of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata,’’ in February 2020. He was a Ph.D. Visiting Researcher with the Chalmers University of Technology, in 2018. His training during the Ph.D. included a research stage in the Swedish company Gap Waves AB. He is currently with the Department of Signal Theory and Communications, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, as a Principal Investigator of the CONEX-Plus Talent Training Program and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions. His research interests include antennas and wave-propagations, metamaterials and metasurfaces, synthetic aperture radars (SAR), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, substrate integrated waveguides (SIWs), impedance matching circuits, microwave components, millimeter-waves and terahertz integrated circuits, and electromagnetic systems. The above research lines have produced more than 120 publications on international journals, presentations within international conferences, and book chapters with a total number of the citations more than 1900 and H-index of 33. He was recipient of (i) three years research grant funded by the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 801538 started in July 2021, (ii) two years research grant funded by the University of Rome ‘‘Tor Vergata’’ started in November 2019, and (iii) three years Ph.D. Scholarship funded by the University of started in November 2016. He was a recipient of two Young Engineer Awards of the 47th and 48th European Microwave Conference held in Nuremberg, Germany, in 2017, and in Madrid, Spain, in 2018, respectively. He is serving as an Associate Editor for IET Journal of Engineering and International Journal of Antennas and Propagation. He also acts as a referee in several highly reputed journals and international conferences. His research article entitled ‘‘High-Gain Metasurface in Polyimide On-Chip Antenna Based on CRLH-TL for Sub Terahertz Integrated Circuits’’ published in Scientific Reports was awarded as the Best Month Paper at the University of Bradford, in April 2020. Funding Information: This work was supported in part by the Icelandic Centre for Research (RANNIS) Grant 206606051, and in part by the National Science Centre of Poland Grant 2017/37/B/ST7/00563. Publisher Copyright: © 2013 IEEE.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - This paper presents an elegant yet straightforward design procedure for a compact rat-race coupler (RRC) with an extended harmonic suppression. The coupler's conventional \lambda /4 transmission lines (TLs) are replaced by a specialized TL that offers significant size reduction and harmonic elimination capabilities in the proposed approach. The design procedure is verified through the theoretical, circuit, and electromagnetic (EM) analyses, showing excellent agreement among different analyses and the measured results. The circuit and EM results show that the proposed TL replicates the same frequency behaviour of the conventional one at the design frequency of 1.8 GHz while enables harmonic suppression up to the 7 {\mathrm {th}} harmonic and a size reduction of 74%. According to the measured results, the RRC has a fractional bandwidth of 20%, with input insertion losses of around 0.2 dB and isolation level better than 35 dB. Furthermore, the total footprint of the proposed RRC is only 31.7 mm \times15.9 mm, corresponding to 0.28\,\,\lambda \times 0.14\,\,\lambda , where \lambda is the guided wavelength at 1.8 GHz.

AB - This paper presents an elegant yet straightforward design procedure for a compact rat-race coupler (RRC) with an extended harmonic suppression. The coupler's conventional \lambda /4 transmission lines (TLs) are replaced by a specialized TL that offers significant size reduction and harmonic elimination capabilities in the proposed approach. The design procedure is verified through the theoretical, circuit, and electromagnetic (EM) analyses, showing excellent agreement among different analyses and the measured results. The circuit and EM results show that the proposed TL replicates the same frequency behaviour of the conventional one at the design frequency of 1.8 GHz while enables harmonic suppression up to the 7 {\mathrm {th}} harmonic and a size reduction of 74%. According to the measured results, the RRC has a fractional bandwidth of 20%, with input insertion losses of around 0.2 dB and isolation level better than 35 dB. Furthermore, the total footprint of the proposed RRC is only 31.7 mm \times15.9 mm, corresponding to 0.28\,\,\lambda \times 0.14\,\,\lambda , where \lambda is the guided wavelength at 1.8 GHz.

KW - Transmission line

KW - harmonics suppression

KW - rat-race coupler

KW - size reduction

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85115137145

U2 - 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3112237

DO - 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3112237

M3 - Article

SN - 2169-3536

VL - 9

SP - 129207

EP - 129217

JO - IEEE Access

JF - IEEE Access

ER -

Design of a Compact Planar Transmission Line for Miniaturized Rat-Race Coupler with Harmonics Suppression

Abstract

Bibliographical note

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