Eggshell-derived amorphous calcium phosphate: Synthesis, characterization and bio-functions as bone graft materials in novel 3D osteoblastic spheroids model

Qianli Ma; Kristaps Rubenis; Ólafur Eysteinn Sigurjónsson; Torben Hildebrand; Therese Standal; Signe Zemjane; Janis Locs; Dagnija Loca; Håvard Jostein Haugen

doi:10.1016/j.smaim.2023.04.001

Eggshell-derived amorphous calcium phosphate: Synthesis, characterization and bio-functions as bone graft materials in novel 3D osteoblastic spheroids model

Qianli Ma, Kristaps Rubenis, Ólafur Eysteinn Sigurjónsson, Torben Hildebrand, Therese Standal, Signe Zemjane, Janis Locs, Dagnija Loca, Håvard Jostein Haugen

Reykjavik University, Landspitali

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

A multitude of autogenous/allogeneic and semi-synthetic bone graft materials have been developed to reconstruct the defective bone tissue but with high bio-cost and potential environmental pollution. With high calcium content and several trace elements, chicken eggshells are no longer considered as wastes but attractive sources of high-value-added biomaterials. This study used chicken eggshells and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) to synthesize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) bone graft materials, namely Control and Eggshell. The physiochemical characteristics, biosafety, and immunocompatibility of synthetic ACP particles were inspected. Their osteogenic activity was further investigated in a novel osteoblastic spheroids model. Eggshell ACP particles exhibited ideal cytocompatibility compared to the control ACP and were more resistant to re-crystallization. In osteoblastic spheroids, Eggshell ACP mediated typical osteogenic mRNA profiles of MC-3T3-E1 cells, accompanied by the increased formation of mineralized nodules and boosted synthesis of ECM proteins represented by OPN and collagen I. This study establishes a promising technique to synthesize stable, safe, and osteoinductive ACP graft particles from eggshell waste. Furthermore, the osteoblastic spheroids constructed in the present study provide a more practical model for biomaterial research, which reflect the three-dimensional interaction between host bone tissue and graft materials more realistically.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	522-537
Number of pages	16
Journal	Smart Materials in Medicine
Volume	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smaim.2023.04.001
Publication status	Published - Jan 2023

Bibliographical note

Funding Information: We acknowledge financial support from the Baltic Research Programme Project No. EEA-RESEARCH-85 “Waste-to-resource: eggshells as a source for next generation biomaterials for bone regeneration (EGGSHELL)” under the EEA Grant of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway No. EEZ/BPP/VIAA/2021/1 and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 8197175 2). The authors acknowledge the access to the infrastructure and expertise of the BBCE – Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence (European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 857287). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors

Other keywords

Amorphous calcium phosphate
Bone graft materials
Eggshell
Osteoblastic spheroid
Waste utilization

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10.1016/j.smaim.2023.04.001

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Ma, Q., Rubenis, K., Sigurjónsson, Ó. E., Hildebrand, T., Standal, T., Zemjane, S., Locs, J., Loca, D., & Haugen, H. J. (2023). Eggshell-derived amorphous calcium phosphate: Synthesis, characterization and bio-functions as bone graft materials in novel 3D osteoblastic spheroids model. Smart Materials in Medicine, 4, 522-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smaim.2023.04.001

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title = "Eggshell-derived amorphous calcium phosphate: Synthesis, characterization and bio-functions as bone graft materials in novel 3D osteoblastic spheroids model",

abstract = "A multitude of autogenous/allogeneic and semi-synthetic bone graft materials have been developed to reconstruct the defective bone tissue but with high bio-cost and potential environmental pollution. With high calcium content and several trace elements, chicken eggshells are no longer considered as wastes but attractive sources of high-value-added biomaterials. This study used chicken eggshells and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) to synthesize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) bone graft materials, namely Control and Eggshell. The physiochemical characteristics, biosafety, and immunocompatibility of synthetic ACP particles were inspected. Their osteogenic activity was further investigated in a novel osteoblastic spheroids model. Eggshell ACP particles exhibited ideal cytocompatibility compared to the control ACP and were more resistant to re-crystallization. In osteoblastic spheroids, Eggshell ACP mediated typical osteogenic mRNA profiles of MC-3T3-E1 cells, accompanied by the increased formation of mineralized nodules and boosted synthesis of ECM proteins represented by OPN and collagen I. This study establishes a promising technique to synthesize stable, safe, and osteoinductive ACP graft particles from eggshell waste. Furthermore, the osteoblastic spheroids constructed in the present study provide a more practical model for biomaterial research, which reflect the three-dimensional interaction between host bone tissue and graft materials more realistically.",

keywords = "Amorphous calcium phosphate, Bone graft materials, Eggshell, Osteoblastic spheroid, Waste utilization",

author = "Qianli Ma and Kristaps Rubenis and Sigurj{\'o}nsson, \{{\'O}lafur Eysteinn\} and Torben Hildebrand and Therese Standal and Signe Zemjane and Janis Locs and Dagnija Loca and Haugen, \{H{\aa}vard Jostein\}",

note = "Funding Information: We acknowledge financial support from the Baltic Research Programme Project No. EEA-RESEARCH-85 “Waste-to-resource: eggshells as a source for next generation biomaterials for bone regeneration (EGGSHELL)” under the EEA Grant of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway No. EEZ/BPP/VIAA/2021/1 and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 8197175 2). The authors acknowledge the access to the infrastructure and expertise of the BBCE – Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence (European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 857287). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Authors",

year = "2023",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1016/j.smaim.2023.04.001",

language = "English",

volume = "4",

pages = "522--537",

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T2 - Synthesis, characterization and bio-functions as bone graft materials in novel 3D osteoblastic spheroids model

AU - Ma, Qianli

AU - Rubenis, Kristaps

AU - Sigurjónsson, Ólafur Eysteinn

AU - Hildebrand, Torben

AU - Standal, Therese

AU - Zemjane, Signe

AU - Locs, Janis

AU - Loca, Dagnija

AU - Haugen, Håvard Jostein

N1 - Funding Information: We acknowledge financial support from the Baltic Research Programme Project No. EEA-RESEARCH-85 “Waste-to-resource: eggshells as a source for next generation biomaterials for bone regeneration (EGGSHELL)” under the EEA Grant of Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway No. EEZ/BPP/VIAA/2021/1 and National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 8197175 2). The authors acknowledge the access to the infrastructure and expertise of the BBCE – Baltic Biomaterials Centre of Excellence (European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 857287). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Authors

PY - 2023/1

Y1 - 2023/1

N2 - A multitude of autogenous/allogeneic and semi-synthetic bone graft materials have been developed to reconstruct the defective bone tissue but with high bio-cost and potential environmental pollution. With high calcium content and several trace elements, chicken eggshells are no longer considered as wastes but attractive sources of high-value-added biomaterials. This study used chicken eggshells and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) to synthesize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) bone graft materials, namely Control and Eggshell. The physiochemical characteristics, biosafety, and immunocompatibility of synthetic ACP particles were inspected. Their osteogenic activity was further investigated in a novel osteoblastic spheroids model. Eggshell ACP particles exhibited ideal cytocompatibility compared to the control ACP and were more resistant to re-crystallization. In osteoblastic spheroids, Eggshell ACP mediated typical osteogenic mRNA profiles of MC-3T3-E1 cells, accompanied by the increased formation of mineralized nodules and boosted synthesis of ECM proteins represented by OPN and collagen I. This study establishes a promising technique to synthesize stable, safe, and osteoinductive ACP graft particles from eggshell waste. Furthermore, the osteoblastic spheroids constructed in the present study provide a more practical model for biomaterial research, which reflect the three-dimensional interaction between host bone tissue and graft materials more realistically.

AB - A multitude of autogenous/allogeneic and semi-synthetic bone graft materials have been developed to reconstruct the defective bone tissue but with high bio-cost and potential environmental pollution. With high calcium content and several trace elements, chicken eggshells are no longer considered as wastes but attractive sources of high-value-added biomaterials. This study used chicken eggshells and synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) to synthesize amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) bone graft materials, namely Control and Eggshell. The physiochemical characteristics, biosafety, and immunocompatibility of synthetic ACP particles were inspected. Their osteogenic activity was further investigated in a novel osteoblastic spheroids model. Eggshell ACP particles exhibited ideal cytocompatibility compared to the control ACP and were more resistant to re-crystallization. In osteoblastic spheroids, Eggshell ACP mediated typical osteogenic mRNA profiles of MC-3T3-E1 cells, accompanied by the increased formation of mineralized nodules and boosted synthesis of ECM proteins represented by OPN and collagen I. This study establishes a promising technique to synthesize stable, safe, and osteoinductive ACP graft particles from eggshell waste. Furthermore, the osteoblastic spheroids constructed in the present study provide a more practical model for biomaterial research, which reflect the three-dimensional interaction between host bone tissue and graft materials more realistically.

KW - Amorphous calcium phosphate

KW - Bone graft materials

KW - Eggshell

KW - Osteoblastic spheroid

KW - Waste utilization

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/85152100660

U2 - 10.1016/j.smaim.2023.04.001

DO - 10.1016/j.smaim.2023.04.001

M3 - Article

SN - 2590-1834

VL - 4

SP - 522

EP - 537

JO - Smart Materials in Medicine

JF - Smart Materials in Medicine

ER -

Eggshell-derived amorphous calcium phosphate: Synthesis, characterization and bio-functions as bone graft materials in novel 3D osteoblastic spheroids model

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Other keywords

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