Incorporating perovskites in photovoltaic-powered electrochemical cells for a sustainable future: An inclusive review

Due to the escalating demand for energy across all sectors, traditional energy sources are proving insufficient to meet our requirements. Moreover, their extensive use is exacerbating environmental issues. Consequently, solar energy has garnered significant attention due to its affordability, cleanliness, and abundance. This review presents an analysis of various solar cell systems, comparing their efficiency, cost, and stability based on literature spanning the past decade. While perovskite-based solar cells have demonstrated promising performance in laboratory settings, challenges with stability hinder their industrial-scale implementation. On the other hand, perovskites exhibit favorable catalytic properties, making them suitable for the electrochemical reduction of CO₂. To address stability concerns, this review proposes structural engineering approaches aimed at maximizing electricity generation from solar energy to power electrochemical cells for CO₂ reduction in the environment.