@inbook{bedf4415ee8f4310801b06f081d3f5a9,
title = "Katla and Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull Volcanoes",
abstract = "The Katla volcano is covered by the M{\'y}rdalsj{\"o}kull ice cap and is currently one of the most active volcanoes in Iceland. It has erupted twenty times the past 1,100 years. The neighbouring volcano Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull has erupted twice, simultaneously with Katla. As glaciers cover both volcanoes, their eruptions are phreato-magmatic by nature. The volcanoes are located directly south of where surface expressions of the rift cease. Seismically, Katla is one of the most active volcanoes in Iceland, showing an annual cycle in activity, observed from at least 1960 and less pronounced since 2004. From 1999 to late 2004, GPS measurements revealed steady inflation of the volcano, showing uplift and outward horizontal displacement. Until 1990s, Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull had been seismically quiet for several decades. Seismic activity there was high in 1994 and again in 1999, related to the emplacement of two intrusions.",
keywords = "Deformation, Earthquakes, Eyjafjallaj{\"o}kull, Intrusions, Katla",
author = "Erik Sturkell and P{\'a}ll Einarsson and Freysteinn Sigmundsson and Andy Hooper and {\'O}feigsson, \{Benedikt G.\} and Halld{\'o}r Geirsson and Halld{\'o}r {\'O}lafsson",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Benedikt Bragason and the rescue team in V{\'i}k for assistance with field logistics. We thank all the people who participated in collection of geodetic data. Gabrielle Stockmann commented on earlier versions of this chapter. Comments from the reviewer, Heidi Soosalu, helped us to significantly improve the chapter. Also, the suggestions of the editor Anders Schomacker have been most helpful. The following institutions and research grants supported this study: the Icelandic Roads Authority; the Icelandic government; the University of Iceland Research Fund; the Icelandic research council (RANN{\'I}S) and the European Union VOLUME (018471) project. The figures were produced using the GMT public domain software ( Wessel and Smith, 1998 ).",
year = "2010",
doi = "10.1016/S1571-0866(09)01302-5",
language = "English",
isbn = "9780444530455",
series = "Developments in Quaternary Science",
publisher = "Elsevier Ltd.",
pages = "5--21",
booktitle = "The Myrdalsjokull Ice Cap, Iceland. Glacial processes, sediments and landforms on an active volcano",
address = "United Kingdom",
}