Magma-ice-sediment interactions and the origin of lava/hyaloclastite sequences in the Síᶞa formation, South Iceland

Tenley J. Banik; Paul J. Wallace; Ármann Höskuldsson; Calvin F. Miller; Charles R. Bacon; David J. Furbish

doi:10.1007/s00445-013-0785-3

Magma-ice-sediment interactions and the origin of lava/hyaloclastite sequences in the Síᶞa formation, South Iceland

Tenley J. Banik
, Paul J. Wallace
, Ármann Höskuldsson
, Calvin F. Miller
, Charles R. Bacon
, David J. Furbish

Science Institute

University of Iceland

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Products of subglacial volcanism can illuminate reconstructions of paleo-environmental conditions on both local and regional scales. Competing interpretations of Pleistocene conditions in south Iceland have been proposed based on an extensive sequence of repeating lava-and-hyaloclastite deposits in the Sí{eth}a district. We propose here a new eruptive model and refine the glacial environment during eruption based on field research and analytical data for the Sí{eth}a district lava/hyaloclastite units. Field observations from this and previous studies reveal a repeating sequence of cogenetic lava and hyaloclastite deposits extending many kilometers from their presumed eruptive source. Glasses from lava selvages and unaltered hyaloclastites have very low H₂O, S, and CO₂ concentrations, indicating significant degassing at or close to atmospheric pressure prior to quenching. We also present a scenario that demonstrates virtual co-emplacement of the two eruptive products. Our data and model results suggest repeated eruptions under thin ice or partially subaerial conditions, rather than eruption under a thick ice sheet or subglacial conditions as previously proposed.

Original language	English
Article number	785
Pages (from-to)	1-19
Number of pages	19
Journal	Bulletin of Volcanology
Volume	76
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-013-0785-3
Publication status	Published - Jan 2014

Bibliographical note

Funding Information: Acknowledgements TJB thanks Thor Thordarson, Guðrún Larsen, and Níels Óskarsson for helpful discussions during field research and writing. Many thanks also go to Sigurður Jakobsson and Léo Kristjánsson at the University of Iceland for initial FTIR work and field equipment, respectively. This manuscript was significantly improved by helpful reviews from Alex Nichols, R.J. Brown, Benjamin Edwards, and Larry Mastin. TJB acknowledges financial support from American-Scandinavian Foundation and Geological Society of America Penrose awards, as well as support from Rannís, the Icelandic research society. Funding was also provided by NSF grant EAR-0409876 to CFM.

Other keywords

Degassing
Glaciovolcanism
Lava/hyaloclastite sequences
Magma/water interaction
Sí{eth}a
Volatiles

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10.1007/s00445-013-0785-3

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title = "Magma-ice-sediment interactions and the origin of lava/hyaloclastite sequences in the S{\'i}ᶞa formation, South Iceland",

abstract = "Products of subglacial volcanism can illuminate reconstructions of paleo-environmental conditions on both local and regional scales. Competing interpretations of Pleistocene conditions in south Iceland have been proposed based on an extensive sequence of repeating lava-and-hyaloclastite deposits in the S{\'i}\{eth\}a district. We propose here a new eruptive model and refine the glacial environment during eruption based on field research and analytical data for the S{\'i}\{eth\}a district lava/hyaloclastite units. Field observations from this and previous studies reveal a repeating sequence of cogenetic lava and hyaloclastite deposits extending many kilometers from their presumed eruptive source. Glasses from lava selvages and unaltered hyaloclastites have very low H2O, S, and CO2 concentrations, indicating significant degassing at or close to atmospheric pressure prior to quenching. We also present a scenario that demonstrates virtual co-emplacement of the two eruptive products. Our data and model results suggest repeated eruptions under thin ice or partially subaerial conditions, rather than eruption under a thick ice sheet or subglacial conditions as previously proposed.",

keywords = "Degassing, Glaciovolcanism, Lava/hyaloclastite sequences, Magma/water interaction, S{\'i}\{eth\}a, Volatiles",

author = "Banik, \{Tenley J.\} and Wallace, \{Paul J.\} and {\'A}rmann H{\"o}skuldsson and Miller, \{Calvin F.\} and Bacon, \{Charles R.\} and Furbish, \{David J.\}",

note = "Funding Information: Acknowledgements TJB thanks Thor Thordarson, Gu{\dh}r{\'u}n Larsen, and N{\'i}els {\'O}skarsson for helpful discussions during field research and writing. Many thanks also go to Sigur{\dh}ur Jakobsson and L{\'e}o Kristj{\'a}nsson at the University of Iceland for initial FTIR work and field equipment, respectively. This manuscript was significantly improved by helpful reviews from Alex Nichols, R.J. Brown, Benjamin Edwards, and Larry Mastin. TJB acknowledges financial support from American-Scandinavian Foundation and Geological Society of America Penrose awards, as well as support from Rann{\'i}s, the Icelandic research society. Funding was also provided by NSF grant EAR-0409876 to CFM.",

year = "2014",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1007/s00445-013-0785-3",

language = "English",

volume = "76",

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AU - Banik, Tenley J.

AU - Wallace, Paul J.

AU - Höskuldsson, Ármann

AU - Miller, Calvin F.

AU - Bacon, Charles R.

AU - Furbish, David J.

N1 - Funding Information: Acknowledgements TJB thanks Thor Thordarson, Guðrún Larsen, and Níels Óskarsson for helpful discussions during field research and writing. Many thanks also go to Sigurður Jakobsson and Léo Kristjánsson at the University of Iceland for initial FTIR work and field equipment, respectively. This manuscript was significantly improved by helpful reviews from Alex Nichols, R.J. Brown, Benjamin Edwards, and Larry Mastin. TJB acknowledges financial support from American-Scandinavian Foundation and Geological Society of America Penrose awards, as well as support from Rannís, the Icelandic research society. Funding was also provided by NSF grant EAR-0409876 to CFM.

PY - 2014/1

Y1 - 2014/1

N2 - Products of subglacial volcanism can illuminate reconstructions of paleo-environmental conditions on both local and regional scales. Competing interpretations of Pleistocene conditions in south Iceland have been proposed based on an extensive sequence of repeating lava-and-hyaloclastite deposits in the Sí{eth}a district. We propose here a new eruptive model and refine the glacial environment during eruption based on field research and analytical data for the Sí{eth}a district lava/hyaloclastite units. Field observations from this and previous studies reveal a repeating sequence of cogenetic lava and hyaloclastite deposits extending many kilometers from their presumed eruptive source. Glasses from lava selvages and unaltered hyaloclastites have very low H2O, S, and CO2 concentrations, indicating significant degassing at or close to atmospheric pressure prior to quenching. We also present a scenario that demonstrates virtual co-emplacement of the two eruptive products. Our data and model results suggest repeated eruptions under thin ice or partially subaerial conditions, rather than eruption under a thick ice sheet or subglacial conditions as previously proposed.

AB - Products of subglacial volcanism can illuminate reconstructions of paleo-environmental conditions on both local and regional scales. Competing interpretations of Pleistocene conditions in south Iceland have been proposed based on an extensive sequence of repeating lava-and-hyaloclastite deposits in the Sí{eth}a district. We propose here a new eruptive model and refine the glacial environment during eruption based on field research and analytical data for the Sí{eth}a district lava/hyaloclastite units. Field observations from this and previous studies reveal a repeating sequence of cogenetic lava and hyaloclastite deposits extending many kilometers from their presumed eruptive source. Glasses from lava selvages and unaltered hyaloclastites have very low H2O, S, and CO2 concentrations, indicating significant degassing at or close to atmospheric pressure prior to quenching. We also present a scenario that demonstrates virtual co-emplacement of the two eruptive products. Our data and model results suggest repeated eruptions under thin ice or partially subaerial conditions, rather than eruption under a thick ice sheet or subglacial conditions as previously proposed.

KW - Degassing

KW - Glaciovolcanism

KW - Lava/hyaloclastite sequences

KW - Magma/water interaction

KW - Sí{eth}a

KW - Volatiles

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84888795688

U2 - 10.1007/s00445-013-0785-3

DO - 10.1007/s00445-013-0785-3

M3 - Article

SN - 0258-8900

VL - 76

SP - 1

EP - 19

JO - Bulletin of Volcanology

JF - Bulletin of Volcanology

IS - 1

M1 - 785

ER -

Magma-ice-sediment interactions and the origin of lava/hyaloclastite sequences in the Síᶞa formation, South Iceland

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Other keywords

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