Successful closure of large pseudoaneurysm of peroneal artery using transluminal temporary occlusion of the neck with the catheter

Pseudoaneurysm is well-known complication resulting from surgical or interventional vascular procedures. We present the case of a 51-year-old patient with a large iatrogenic pseudoaneurysm of the peroneal artery, a very rare location. The pseudoaneurysm developed after orthopedic surgery of the knee. Swelling and vascular insufficiency of the calf ensued a few days later. The large peroneal pseudoaneurysm and compression of the anterior and posterior tibial arteries were confirmed by ultrasound and angiography. The pseudoaneurysm was too deep for ultrasound-guided compression or percutaneous obliteration and too large to be occluded by coil embolization alone. Because the pseudoaneurysm failed to occlude even after four coils were introduced into the lumen, pseudoaneurysm thrombosis was achieved by temporary occlusion of its neck with the angiographic catheter. During the occlusion of the neck of the pseudoaneurysm, the patency of the crural arteries and the development of the thrombus in the pseudoaneurysm cavity were monitored with color Doppler ultrasonography. Follow-up examinations after 3 and 6 months showed permanent closure of the pseudoaneurysm and patent crural arteries.