The 1732 Surtseyan eruption of Eggøya, Jan Mayen, North Atlantic: deposits, distribution, chemistry and chronology

Eirik Gjerløw; Armann Höskuldsson; Rolf Birger Pedersen

doi:10.1007/s00445-014-0895-6

The 1732 Surtseyan eruption of Eggøya, Jan Mayen, North Atlantic: deposits, distribution, chemistry and chronology

Eirik Gjerløw
, Armann Höskuldsson
, Rolf Birger Pedersen

Science Institute

University of Iceland

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

The island of Jan Mayen in the North Atlantic Ocean is home to the world’s northernmost active subaerial volcano, Beerenberg. Of the five known historical eruptions on the island, the locations of two eruptions (1732 and 1818) have not been accurately located. It is known that the 1732 and 1818 eruptions occurred on the south flank of Beerenberg, and several eruption sites have been proposed for these events. Here we show that the tuff cone of Eggøya on the SW flank of Beerenberg was the site of the 1732 eruption, based on interpretation of the deposits, field relations and historical sources. We further describe the deposits from the eruption and show that Eggøya is the largest explosive eruption described from Jan Mayen, emplacing at least at least 0.3–0.4 km³ (VEI 4) of basanitic tephra up to distances of at least 111 km from Jan Mayen and covering a minimum area of around 500 km² within the 2-cm isopach. We also present our eruption scenario and show that this was an emergent Surtseyan eruption with activity shifting between tephra jetting, continuous uprush and more magmatic phases.

Original language	English
Journal	Bulletin of Volcanology
Volume	77
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-014-0895-6
Publication status	Published - Feb 2015

Bibliographical note

Funding Information: This study was part of E. Gjerløw’s Ph.D. project and was financed by the Centre for Geobiology at the University of Bergen and the Nordic Volcanological Center at the University of Iceland. We want to acknowledge the Jan Mayen personnel for their hospitality and assistance during fieldwork, Chris Hayward for assistance with microprobing and the Norwegian Polar Institute for supplying aerial photos and map data. Thanks are given to associate editor P.-S. Ross and reviewers Y.K. Sohn and D. Pedrazzi whose comments helped to improve this paper. Publisher Copyright: © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Other keywords

Jan Mayen
Surtseyan eruptions
Tephra
Volcanic hazards

Access to Document

10.1007/s00445-014-0895-6

Cite this

@article{bf84d9f0e9ac440fb42811856a5745c2,

title = "The 1732 Surtseyan eruption of Egg{\o}ya, Jan Mayen, North Atlantic: deposits, distribution, chemistry and chronology",

abstract = "The island of Jan Mayen in the North Atlantic Ocean is home to the world{\textquoteright}s northernmost active subaerial volcano, Beerenberg. Of the five known historical eruptions on the island, the locations of two eruptions (1732 and 1818) have not been accurately located. It is known that the 1732 and 1818 eruptions occurred on the south flank of Beerenberg, and several eruption sites have been proposed for these events. Here we show that the tuff cone of Egg{\o}ya on the SW flank of Beerenberg was the site of the 1732 eruption, based on interpretation of the deposits, field relations and historical sources. We further describe the deposits from the eruption and show that Egg{\o}ya is the largest explosive eruption described from Jan Mayen, emplacing at least at least 0.3–0.4 km3 (VEI 4) of basanitic tephra up to distances of at least 111 km from Jan Mayen and covering a minimum area of around 500 km2 within the 2-cm isopach. We also present our eruption scenario and show that this was an emergent Surtseyan eruption with activity shifting between tephra jetting, continuous uprush and more magmatic phases.",

keywords = "Jan Mayen, Surtseyan eruptions, Tephra, Volcanic hazards",

author = "Eirik Gjerl{\o}w and Armann H{\"o}skuldsson and Pedersen, \{Rolf Birger\}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was part of E. Gjerl{\o}w{\textquoteright}s Ph.D. project and was financed by the Centre for Geobiology at the University of Bergen and the Nordic Volcanological Center at the University of Iceland. We want to acknowledge the Jan Mayen personnel for their hospitality and assistance during fieldwork, Chris Hayward for assistance with microprobing and the Norwegian Polar Institute for supplying aerial photos and map data. Thanks are given to associate editor P.-S. Ross and reviewers Y.K. Sohn and D. Pedrazzi whose comments helped to improve this paper. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.",

year = "2015",

month = feb,

doi = "10.1007/s00445-014-0895-6",

language = "English",

volume = "77",

journal = "Bulletin of Volcanology",

issn = "0258-8900",

publisher = "Springer Verlag",

number = "2",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - The 1732 Surtseyan eruption of Eggøya, Jan Mayen, North Atlantic

T2 - deposits, distribution, chemistry and chronology

AU - Gjerløw, Eirik

AU - Höskuldsson, Armann

AU - Pedersen, Rolf Birger

N1 - Funding Information: This study was part of E. Gjerløw’s Ph.D. project and was financed by the Centre for Geobiology at the University of Bergen and the Nordic Volcanological Center at the University of Iceland. We want to acknowledge the Jan Mayen personnel for their hospitality and assistance during fieldwork, Chris Hayward for assistance with microprobing and the Norwegian Polar Institute for supplying aerial photos and map data. Thanks are given to associate editor P.-S. Ross and reviewers Y.K. Sohn and D. Pedrazzi whose comments helped to improve this paper. Publisher Copyright: © 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

PY - 2015/2

Y1 - 2015/2

N2 - The island of Jan Mayen in the North Atlantic Ocean is home to the world’s northernmost active subaerial volcano, Beerenberg. Of the five known historical eruptions on the island, the locations of two eruptions (1732 and 1818) have not been accurately located. It is known that the 1732 and 1818 eruptions occurred on the south flank of Beerenberg, and several eruption sites have been proposed for these events. Here we show that the tuff cone of Eggøya on the SW flank of Beerenberg was the site of the 1732 eruption, based on interpretation of the deposits, field relations and historical sources. We further describe the deposits from the eruption and show that Eggøya is the largest explosive eruption described from Jan Mayen, emplacing at least at least 0.3–0.4 km3 (VEI 4) of basanitic tephra up to distances of at least 111 km from Jan Mayen and covering a minimum area of around 500 km2 within the 2-cm isopach. We also present our eruption scenario and show that this was an emergent Surtseyan eruption with activity shifting between tephra jetting, continuous uprush and more magmatic phases.

AB - The island of Jan Mayen in the North Atlantic Ocean is home to the world’s northernmost active subaerial volcano, Beerenberg. Of the five known historical eruptions on the island, the locations of two eruptions (1732 and 1818) have not been accurately located. It is known that the 1732 and 1818 eruptions occurred on the south flank of Beerenberg, and several eruption sites have been proposed for these events. Here we show that the tuff cone of Eggøya on the SW flank of Beerenberg was the site of the 1732 eruption, based on interpretation of the deposits, field relations and historical sources. We further describe the deposits from the eruption and show that Eggøya is the largest explosive eruption described from Jan Mayen, emplacing at least at least 0.3–0.4 km3 (VEI 4) of basanitic tephra up to distances of at least 111 km from Jan Mayen and covering a minimum area of around 500 km2 within the 2-cm isopach. We also present our eruption scenario and show that this was an emergent Surtseyan eruption with activity shifting between tephra jetting, continuous uprush and more magmatic phases.

KW - Jan Mayen

KW - Surtseyan eruptions

KW - Tephra

KW - Volcanic hazards

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84922258680

U2 - 10.1007/s00445-014-0895-6

DO - 10.1007/s00445-014-0895-6

M3 - Article

SN - 0258-8900

VL - 77

JO - Bulletin of Volcanology

JF - Bulletin of Volcanology

IS - 2

ER -

The 1732 Surtseyan eruption of Eggøya, Jan Mayen, North Atlantic: deposits, distribution, chemistry and chronology

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Other keywords

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this