Abstract
Bakgrunnur: Það er áhyggjuefni hversu algengt það er orðið að fólk á vinnualdri sé frá vinnu sökum veikinda. Vinnan, sem er eitt af meginviðfangsefnum lífsins, leggur grunninn að samfélagslegri stöðu fólks og er því stór þáttur í sjálfsmynd, sjálfsvirðingu og vellíðan þess. Í vestrænum ríkjum eru helstu ástæður veikindafjarveru stoðkerfisvandamál og geðraskanir, en slæm geðheilsa er víða ein stærsta áskorun vinnumarkaðarins.Tilgangur: Tilgangur rannsóknarinnar var að fá innsýn í starfsendurhæfingu á Íslandi frá sjónarhóli fagfólks sem starfar á starfsendurhæfingarstöðvum. Skoðað var hvort og með hvaða hætti þróun í málaflokknum hefur haft áhrif á störf þeirra og starfsumhverfi. Aðferð: Notað var eigindlegt rannsóknarsnið og gögnum safnað með samræðum í rýnihópum og einstaklingsviðtölum. Þátttakendur voru 18 talsins og höfðu flestir víðtæka reynslu af viðfangsefni rannsóknarinnar. Við greiningu gagna var stuðst við vinnulag grundaðrar kenningar og niðurstöðurnar settar fram í þemum sem lýsa stöðu og þróun starfsendurhæfingar í gegnum tíðina. Niðurstöður: Aðstæður og þjónusta starfsendurhæfingarstöðva höfðu breyst töluvert í gegnum tíðina. Dregið hafði úr sjálfræði stöðvanna og aðgengi notenda að þjónustunni þrengst sem hafði komið niður á rekstrarafkomu sumra þeirra. Stór hópur notenda var ungt fólk með geðræna erfiðleika sem hafði takmarkaða reynslu af vinnumarkaði og litla menntun. Þessi hópur þurfti lengri endurhæfingu og umfangsmeiri stuðning en reglur gerðu almennt ráð fyrir. Starfsfólk stöðvanna veitti heildstæða og einstaklingsmiðaða þjónustu í þeim tilgangi að auka möguleika notenda til að lifa góðu lífi, óháð því hvort þeir enduðu á vinnumarkaði eða ekki. Ýmsir þættir, bæði einstaklingsbundnir og kerfislægir, hindruðu árangur starfsendurhæfingar. Ályktun: Starfsendurhæfing er í stöðugri þróun í takt við stjórnsýslulegar breytingar á málaflokknum. Trygginga- og framfærslukerfið er veruleg hindrun í atvinnuþátttöku fólks með skerta starfsgetu. Það er því mikilvægt að þróa og bæta samstarf stofnana og stjórnsýslukerfa sem koma að starfsendurhæfingu til að ýta undir þátttöku og endurkomu fólks í vinnu.
Background: Work is an important part of peoples’ self-esteem, self- respect and wellbeing. Work participation is one of the main subjects in peoples’ life and a foundation for their social status. In recent decades sickness absence of people at working age has increased in many western countries. The most common health-related reasons are of musculoskeletal or mental origin, but mental health problems are today a major challenge in the labour market. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to get an overview of the development and situation of vocational rehabilitation in Iceland from the perspective of professionals working in the area and, furthermore, to explore how changes in the field have affected their professional role and work environment. Method: This was a qualitative study, supported by a grounded theory approach. Data was collected using focus groups and individual interviews. Eighteen professionals participated in the study, all working at vocational rehabilitations centers and with a broad experience of the research subject. Inductive analyses was performed using open and focused coding to create themes and subthemes describing the participants’ experience of the subject.
Results: The context and service of vocational rehabilitation centers had changed considerably over the years. The centers’ autonomy had decreased and the accessibility of clients to their service narrowed, which in some cases had detrimental effect for both the clients and the rehabilitation centers. A large group of clients was young people with mental or musculoskeletal health problems who often had little education and limited experience of the labor market. Those clients needed longer services and more support than was generally suggested by customary regulations. For some of them vocational participation was not attractive as they could be better off financially receiving disability pension. The professionals provided comprehensive client centered service with the aim of increasing the clients’ possibility to live a good life, without consideration of whether they ended in the labor market or not. The focus of the rehabilitation was mainly on increasing the clients’ overall skills as placements in real work situations was rather limited. Various factors, both personal and institutional, prevented successful vocational rehabilitation in terms of return to the labor market or educational participation. Conclusion: Vocational rehabilitation is constantly developing in accordance with administrative changes in the field. The insurance and support system is a significant barrier to employment of people with reduced working capacity. It is therefore important to develop and improve co-operation between institutions and administrative systems involved in vocational rehabilitation to support people’s participation and return to work.
Background: Work is an important part of peoples’ self-esteem, self- respect and wellbeing. Work participation is one of the main subjects in peoples’ life and a foundation for their social status. In recent decades sickness absence of people at working age has increased in many western countries. The most common health-related reasons are of musculoskeletal or mental origin, but mental health problems are today a major challenge in the labour market. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to get an overview of the development and situation of vocational rehabilitation in Iceland from the perspective of professionals working in the area and, furthermore, to explore how changes in the field have affected their professional role and work environment. Method: This was a qualitative study, supported by a grounded theory approach. Data was collected using focus groups and individual interviews. Eighteen professionals participated in the study, all working at vocational rehabilitations centers and with a broad experience of the research subject. Inductive analyses was performed using open and focused coding to create themes and subthemes describing the participants’ experience of the subject.
Results: The context and service of vocational rehabilitation centers had changed considerably over the years. The centers’ autonomy had decreased and the accessibility of clients to their service narrowed, which in some cases had detrimental effect for both the clients and the rehabilitation centers. A large group of clients was young people with mental or musculoskeletal health problems who often had little education and limited experience of the labor market. Those clients needed longer services and more support than was generally suggested by customary regulations. For some of them vocational participation was not attractive as they could be better off financially receiving disability pension. The professionals provided comprehensive client centered service with the aim of increasing the clients’ possibility to live a good life, without consideration of whether they ended in the labor market or not. The focus of the rehabilitation was mainly on increasing the clients’ overall skills as placements in real work situations was rather limited. Various factors, both personal and institutional, prevented successful vocational rehabilitation in terms of return to the labor market or educational participation. Conclusion: Vocational rehabilitation is constantly developing in accordance with administrative changes in the field. The insurance and support system is a significant barrier to employment of people with reduced working capacity. It is therefore important to develop and improve co-operation between institutions and administrative systems involved in vocational rehabilitation to support people’s participation and return to work.
| Original language | Icelandic |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 6-13 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Iðjuþjálfinn |
| Volume | 40 |
| Publication status | Published - 2019 |
Other keywords
- Occupational therapy
- Rehabilitation, Vocational