Estimation of Power system frequency response based on measured & simulated frequencies

Electrical Power systems are going through a transition of increasing penetration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and growing transmission capacity between Asynchronous Areas (TBAA). Maintaining a reliable power balance is essential but most new RES and TBAA are not delivering Primary Frequency Controlled Reserves (PFCR) and not enhancing power systems Frequency Response Characteristics β. The issue addressed within this paper is to estimate β in this context. Accurate estimation is important for power system modelling or Automatic Secondary Reserve (ASR) design. We propose a method to estimate Frequency Response Characteristics based on measured and simulated frequencies. In this paper, we propose an iterative optimization method to obtain high resolution data from low resolution measurement. Based on the high resolution data, β is estimated with a σ approach. Then, we use linear regression to estimate the normal Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR). The proposed methods are tested in a Nordic Synchronous Power System case. Results show that our methods can give accurate estimations of frequency response characteristics and FCR.